In This PDF, we have included below
topics:
1.
Action
Research - क्रियात्मक अनुसंधान
2.
RTE
Act 2009 - शिक्षा का
अधिकार
अधिनियम
3.
Psychology
Definition - मनोविज्ञान
4.
Inclusive
Education - समावेशी शिक्षा
1. Action Research - क्रियात्मक अनुसंधान
Action
Research is the study of systematic order for any problem. This research is
used for improvement in work.
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· John Collier was the first to introduce
Action Research in America in 1993. The word Action Research was used first
time in World War II.
· Collier tried to make the relationship of
Action research with Behavioral Knowledge, not Theoretical Knowledge.
· The credit for starting of Action
Research goes to America.
· Levine emphasized the use of Action
Research in the field of social sciences in 1946.
· Professor Stephen M Kore of Columbia
University (1953) prestige Action Research temporary basis in the field of
Education.
Work of Action Research:
1. This
is done by the people working in the respective field themselves.
2. It
is done by the Scientific method.
3. Its purpose is to guide the decisions and actions of the workers, to improve them,
and to discuss their success and failure.
Features of Action Research:
1. Problems
are solved quickly.
2. Emphasis
is not only on the theoretical but also practical studies.
3. It
is related to social problems and to improve the activities in school.
4. The
consumer is the researcher.
5. In
this, understanding the facts of events, studying the facts, attempts to solve
the practical problem on the basis of those facts.
6. Problems
are evaluated and later evaluated.
7. The real interest of the worker and the need for activism.
Procedure of Action Research:
1. Identification
and selection of problems.
2. Statement
and evaluation of the problem.
3. Formulation
of hypothesis.
4. Selection
of suitable design.
5. Data
collection.
6. Verification
of hypothesis.
7. Result,
conclusion, and suggestion.
Advantage of Action Research:
1. Solves
day-to-day problems.
2. This
gives real facts which really help the school and society.
3. Implementing
schemes on small stars and evaluating their success has to be implemented for
local interest.
4. Its
basic purpose is to solve the immediate problem.
5. This
research has the properties of flexibility.
6. The
evaluation of academic progress is done through this research method.
Disadvantage of Action Research:
1. Lack
of scientificity.
2. Lack
of precision.
3. Lack
of control.
4. Lack
of homogeneity.
5. Personal
bias.
6. Extreme
flexibility.
7. Research
method difficulty.
8. Lack
of credibility.
9. Prediction
difficulty.
2.
RTE
Act 2009: Right to Education Act - शिक्षा का
अधिकार अधिनियम
The
86th Constitutional Amendment Act was passed by Parliament on 1st
December 2002 and came into force from 1st April 2010 in the whole
country except for Jammu & Kashmir.
86th
Constitutional Amendment Act (2002): The Right to Free and Compulsory Education
to Children Act 2009, came into force from 1 April 2010.
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1st
December 2002: In article 45,
instructions were given to arrange free and compulsory primary education to
children up to the age of 14 years.
Therefore,
the Parliament made the right to free and compulsory education for children up
to 8-14 years their basic duty and to provide educational opportunities to them
by their parents.
20th July 2009:
The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act was passed by the Rajya Sabha on
20 July 2009 and by the Lok Sabha on 8 August 2009. The bill became an act on
24 August 2009 after it was approved by the President.
1st April
2010:
From this day, the Right to Education Act came into force except Jammu &
Kashmir, which has a provision under Article 21A of the Constitution.
India
became the 135th country to declare education as the fundamental
rights of children.
3. Psychology – Definition - मनोविज्ञान
It
is the combination of two words: psycho + logo.
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Many
philosophers gave the definition of psychology in their perspective. Everyone
has their own thinking about psychology. These are Woodworth, William McDougall,
Skinner, Watson, and many more.
You
can read more details in PDF (Hindi). You can also download it for reading later.
4. Inclusive Education - समावेशी शिक्षा
Inclusive
education refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system.
Where another special education pays attention to medical causes, the same
inclusive education emphasizes social causes. In this, the child is not
considered a problem, rather the system is molded as a child. Emphasizes
teaching the child in the same class in the same school along with all other
children.
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RPWD
Act, 2016: Right of Person with Disabilities. It replaced the PWD Act 1995.
There
are 6 Types of disabilities:
1.
Physical
Disabilities
a. Locomotors
Disability (Movement Related)
i.
Leprosy cured person
ii.
Cerebral Palsy
iii.
Dwarfism
iv.
Muscular Dystrophy
v.
Acid Attach Victim
b. Visual
Impairment (Eyesight Related)
i.
Blindness
ii.
Low Vision
c.
Hearing Impairment (Hearing Related)
i.
Deaf
ii.
Hard of Hearing
d. Speech
and Language Disability
2.
Intellectual
Disabilities
a. SLD
– Specific Learning Disability
i.
Dyslexia
ii.
Dysgraphia
iii.
Dyscalculia
iv.
Dyspraxia
b. ASD
– Autism Spectrum Disorder (IQ Related)
3. Mental Behavior (mental illness)
4.
Disability
caused due to:
a. Chronic
Neurological Condition
i.
Multiple sclerosis (Spinal Cord Nerves
do not work)
ii.
Parkinson’s Disease
b. Blood
Disorders
i.
Hemophilia
ii.
Thalassemia
iii.
Sickle Cell Disease
5. Multiple Disabilities (More than one out of above)
6. Any Other (Category notified by Central Govt.)
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PDF Details with Download Link |
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Subject |
CTET Examination |
|
Title |
Psychology Action Research & RTE - Hindi -
GKGyan Psychology Action Research & RTE
- English - GKGyan |
|
Format |
PDF Format |
|
Language |
Hindi, English |
|
Writing Type |
Handwritten (Hindi), Typewritten
(English) |
|
Total Pages |
36 Pages (Hindi), 6 Pages (English) |
|
Total Topics |
Action Research, RTE, Psychology,
Inclusive Education |
|
Size in KB/MB |
14.7 MB (Hindi), 627 KB (English) |
|
Download Link |
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